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General mixed radix systems were studied by Georg Cantor. [2] The term "factorial number system" is used by Knuth, [3] while the French equivalent "numération factorielle" was first used in 1888. [4] The term "factoradic", which is a portmanteau of factorial and mixed radix, appears to be of more recent date. [5]
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...
The three doors are replaced by a quantum system allowing three alternatives; opening a door and looking behind it is translated as making a particular measurement. The rules can be stated in this language, and once again the choice for the player is to stick with the initial choice, or change to another "orthogonal" option.
The simplest fraction 3 / y with a three-term expansion is 3 / 7 . A fraction 4 / y requires four terms in its greedy expansion if and only if y ≡ 1 or 17 (mod 24), for then the numerator −y mod x of the remaining fraction is 3 and the denominator is 1 (mod 6). The simplest fraction 4 / y with a four-term ...
Pell's equation, also called the Pell–Fermat equation, is any Diophantine equation of the form where n is a given positive nonsquare integer, and integer solutions are sought for x and y. In Cartesian coordinates, the equation is represented by a hyperbola; solutions occur wherever the curve passes through a point whose x and y coordinates ...
In this numeral system, the mixed radix numeral 3 7 17 24 51 60 57 60 seconds would be interpreted as 17:51:57 on Wednesday, and 0 7 0 24 02 60 24 60 would be 00:02:24 on Sunday. Ad hoc notations for mixed radix numeral systems are commonplace. The Maya calendar consists of several overlapping cycles of different radices.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.