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Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol [7]) with the formula (CH 2 OH) 2. It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations.
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 O.It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; / ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ ɛ θ əl ˌ iː n ˈ ɡ l aɪ ˌ k ɒ l,-ˈ ɛ θ ɪ l-,-ˌ k ɔː l /) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Ethylene glycol, a common diol. A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups). [1] An aliphatic diol may also be called a glycol. [2] This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified.
Ethylene is oxidized to produce ethylene oxide, a key raw material in the production of surfactants and detergents by ethoxylation. Ethylene oxide is also hydrolyzed to produce ethylene glycol, widely used as an automotive antifreeze as well as higher molecular weight glycols, glycol ethers, and polyethylene terephthalate. [14] [15
Triton X-100 is soluble at 25 °C in water, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, ethylene glycol, ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and ethylene dichloride. Triton X-100 is insoluble in kerosene, mineral spirits, and naphtha, unless a coupling agent like oleic acid is used.
In organic chemistry, a polyol is an organic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups (−OH). The term "polyol" can have slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used in food science or polymer chemistry. Polyols containing two, three and four hydroxyl groups are diols, [1] triols, [2] and tetrols, [3] [4] respectively.
The direct hydration uses ethylene (ethylene hydration) [33] or other alkenes from cracking of fractions of distilled crude oil. Hydration is also used industrially to produce the diol ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide.