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Most small, low-risk and superficial skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, could be treated by curettage and electrosurgery. [6] A clinical margin which includes areas around the lesion site is marked out, and local anesthesia or numbing medicine is applied.
The cure rate with Mohs surgery cited by most studies is between 97% and 99.8% for primary basal-cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer. [2]: 13 Mohs procedure is also used for squamous cell carcinoma, but with a lower cure rate. Recurrent basal-cell cancer has a lower cure rate with Mohs surgery, more in the range of 94%.
Of nonmelanoma skin cancers, about 80% are basal-cell cancers and 20% squamous-cell skin cancers. [14] Basal-cell and squamous-cell skin cancers rarely result in death. [6] In the United States, they were the cause of less than 0.1% of all cancer deaths. [1] Globally in 2012, melanoma occurred in 232,000 people and resulted in 55,000 deaths. [6]
There is a risk of metastasis starting more than 10 years [citation needed] after diagnosable appearance of squamous-cell carcinoma, but the risk is low, [specify] though much [specify] higher than with basal-cell carcinoma. Squamous-cell cancers of the lip and ears have high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. [27]
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
Carcinoma of the tonsil is a type of squamous cell carcinoma. The tonsil is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx. It comprises 23.1% of all malignancies of the oropharynx. [1] The tumors frequently present at advanced stages, and around 70% of patients present with metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. [2].
basaloid squamous-cell carcinoma is mostly found in or near the tongue, tonsils, or larynx, but may also occur in the lung or elsewhere. [26] clear-cell squamous-cell carcinoma (also known as clear-cell carcinoma of the skin) is characterized by keratinocytes that appear clear as a result of hydropic swelling. [24]
Anal cancer is typically a squamous cell carcinoma. [3] Other types include adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and melanoma. [3] Diagnosis is suspected based on physical examination and confirmed by tissue biopsy. [1] Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and HPV vaccination. [6]