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When lobbying did happen in those days, it was often "practiced discreetly" with little or no public disclosure. [4] By one account, more intense lobbying in the federal government happened from 1869 and 1877 during the administration of President Grant [6] near the start of the so-called Gilded Age. The most influential lobbies wanted railroad ...
Political scientist Thomas R. Dye said that politics is about battling over scarce governmental resources: who gets them, where, when, why and how. [8] Since government makes the rules in a complex economy such as the United States, various organizations, businesses, individuals, nonprofits, trade groups, religions, charities and others—which are affected by these rules—will exert as much ...
Some Lobby groups have considerable financial resources at their disposal. Lobbying is regulated to stop the worst abuses which can develop into corruption. In the United States the Internal Revenue Service makes a clear distinction between lobbying and advocacy. [18] Lobby groups spend considerable amounts of money on election advertising as well.
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. [1] Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs ...
Robber baron is a term first applied as social criticism by 19th century muckrakers and others to certain wealthy, powerful, and unethical 19th-century American businessmen. The term appeared in that use as early as the August 1870 issue of The Atlantic Monthly [ 1 ] magazine.
The lyceum movement was a loose collection of adult education programs that flourished in the mid-19th century in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest, that were inspired by the classical Lyceum. [1] Some of these organizations lasted until the early 20th century.
In the Gilded Age (late 19th century), the parties were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of railroads and tariffs. In general, they accepted the concept of laissez-faire , a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order.
The club movement [1] is an American women's social movement that started in the mid-19th century and spread throughout the United States. [1] It established the idea that women had a moral duty and responsibility to transform public policy.