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The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech applies to students in the public schools. In the landmark decision Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the U.S. Supreme Court formally recognized that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate". [1]
The Court's rulings in Fraser and Hazelwood state that a "substantial disruption" or infringing on the rights of other students was reason enough to restrict student freedom of speech or expression. Some experts argue that the three individual cases each act independently of one another and govern different types of student speech. [7]
Speech by students in public secondary schools Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) Healy v. James (1972) Board of Education v. Pico (1982) Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (1986) Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) Morse v. Frederick (2007) Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. (2021)
The Supreme Court ruled public schools have no general power to punish students for what they say off campus. 'Sigh of relief': Student activists celebrate ruling in school free speech case Skip ...
During colonial times, English speech regulations were rather restrictive.The English criminal common law of seditious libel made criticizing the government a crime. Lord Chief Justice John Holt, writing in 1704–1705, explained the rationale for the prohibition: "For it is very necessary for all governments that the people should have a good opinion of it."
Hazelwood School District et al. v. Kuhlmeier et al., 484 U.S. 260 (1988), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held, in a 5–3 decision, that student speech in a school-sponsored student newspaper at a public high school could be censored by school officials without a violation of First Amendment rights if the school's actions were "reasonably related" to a ...
Apr. 9—CONCORD — The chief author of bipartisan legislation (HB 1305) to adopt a freedom of speech policy on public higher education campuses urged a state Senate panel to reject any further ...
The First Amendment protects the people to exercise their rights of free speech as well as the freedom of the press in journalistic practice. [12] Since the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1988 decision in Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, schools been allowed to censor speech in student media for “legitimate pedagogical concern”. [1]