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ERCP is used primarily to diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts and main pancreatic duct, [1] including gallstones, inflammatory strictures (scars), leaks (from trauma and surgery), and cancer. ERCP can be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons, although the development of safer and relatively non-invasive investigations ...
Patients with cholelithiasis typically present with pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen with the associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting, especially after a fatty meal. The physician can confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis with an abdominal ultrasound that shows the ultrasonic shadows of the stones in the gallbladder .
Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although this is a form of imaging, it is both diagnostic and therapeutic, and is often classified with surgeries rather than with imaging. Primary cholangiography (or perioperative): Done in the operation room during a biliary drainage intervention.
The diagnosis is suspected based on a combination of blood tests, medical imaging, endoscopy, and sometimes surgical exploration. [4] The disease is confirmed by examination of cells from the tumor under a microscope. [4] It is typically an adenocarcinoma (a cancer that forms glands or secretes mucin). [3]
The gallbladder can also be removed in order to treat biliary dyskinesia or gallbladder cancer. [7] Gallstones are very common but 50–80% of people with gallstones are asymptomatic and do not need surgery; their stones are noticed incidentally on imaging tests of the abdomen (such as ultrasound or CT) done for some other reason. [8]
GH therapy should begin “at the most reasonably early point in the patient's growth when they're identified to be growth hormone deficient or have idiopathic short stature,” says Khatoon.
A Klatskin tumor (or hilar cholangiocarcinoma) is a cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the biliary tree) occurring at the confluence of the right and left hepatic bile ducts.The disease was named after Gerald Klatskin, who in 1965 described 15 cases and found some characteristics for this type of cholangiocarcinoma.