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Large plastic bottles for a water dispenser A 25 L (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 US gal) glass carboy acting as a fermentation vessel for beer. It is fitted with a fermentation lock. A Bulgarian demijohn (damadzhana) A carboy, also known as a demijohn or a lady jeanne, is a rigid container with a typical capacity of 4 to 60 litres (1 to 16 US gal).
Some homebrewers use the 'no-chill' approach. It is a water-conserving technique, depending on the ambient temperature being lower to cool the hot wort. After the boil the hot wort is racked into a fitting fermenter. After placing the cap or the lid, the fermenter is tumbled slightly to let the hot wort sanitise all internal surfaces.
The practical purpose of the Union system is to allow excess barm (yeast foam) to be expelled from the casks without leaving excessive amounts of head space within the casks; the system was quickly refined to separate any expelled beer from the wasted yeast, allowing it to flow back into the casks to continue fermentation.
A fermentation lock or fermentation airlock is a device used in beer brewing and wine making that allows carbon dioxide released during fermentation to escape the fermenter, while not allowing air to enter the fermenter, thus avoiding oxidation. There are two main designs for the fermentation lock. These designs work when half filled with water.
A home-brewing setup showing accumulated trub, or lees, at the bottom of the carboy. In the process of brewing beer, trub (/ t r u b / or / t r u p /) [1] is the material, along with hop debris, left in the whirlpool or hopback after the wort has been boiled then transferred and cooled.
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry.
The mixed acid fermentation pathway in E. coli. [1] [2] End products are highlighted in blue.In biochemistry, mixed acid fermentation is the metabolic process by which a six-carbon sugar (e.g. glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6) is converted into a complex and variable mixture of acids.
Sorbitol-MacConkey agar is a variant of traditional MacConkey agar used in the detection of E. coli O157:H7. [1] Traditionally, MacConkey agar has been used to distinguish those bacteria that ferment lactose from those that do not.