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Also, chronic renal disease, collagen vascular disease, thrombophilia, and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of developing placental disease. [ 8 ] [ 12 ] Moreover, being exposed to severe trauma within the pregnancy period, rapid acceleration and deceleration and uterine compression increase the risk of placental abruption, in turn ...
High grade chronic villitis has more than 10 inflamed villi per focus. High grade chronic villitis is differentiated into diffuse and patchy. The term patchy is used if less than 30% of distal villi are involved. The term diffuse is used if more than 30% of distal villi are involved. [citation needed] VUE has 2 prominent distinct patterns.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
An important risk factor for placenta accreta is placenta previa in the presence of a uterine scar. Placenta previa is an independent risk factor for placenta accreta. Additional reported risk factors for placenta accreta include maternal age and multiparity, other prior uterine surgery, prior uterine curettage, uterine irradiation, endometrial ablation, Asherman syndrome, uterine leiomyomata ...
[1] [6] Risk factors include caesarean section (C-section), the presence of certain bacteria such as group B streptococcus in the vagina, premature rupture of membranes, multiple vaginal exams, manual removal of the placenta, and prolonged labour among others. [1] [2] Most infections involve a number of types of bacteria. [1]
The severity of disease is categorized by the signs of health: Grade 1 metritis: An abnormally enlarged uterus and a purulent uterine discharge without any systemic signs of ill health. Grade 2 metritis: Animals with additional signs of systemic illness such as decreased milk yield, dullness, and fever >39.5 °C.
In theory, CPM is when the trisomic cells are found only in the placenta. CPM is detected in approximately 1-2% of ongoing pregnancies that are studied by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal procedure which involves a placental biopsy.
Sheehan noted that significant feature of these patients' cases was hemorrhaging, which in his experience was most commonly caused by either: placenta Previa (low placenta), uterine rupture, cervical or uterine tears, post-partum atony, or retained placenta. Simmonds' disease, however, occurs in either sex due to causes unrelated to pregnancy. [15]