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The preterite and past participle forms of irregular verbs follow certain patterns. These include ending in -t (e.g. build, bend, send), stem changes (whether it is a vowel, such as in sit, win or hold, or a consonant, such as in teach and seek, that changes), or adding the [n] suffix to the past participle form (e.g. drive, show, rise ...
Differences between the past tense and past participle (as in sing–sang–sung, rise–rose–risen) generally appear in the case of verbs that continue the strong conjugation, or in a few cases weak verbs that have acquired strong-type forms by analogy – as with show (regular past tense showed, strong-type past participle shown).
With the exception of the highly irregular verb be, an English verb can have up to five forms: its plain form (or bare infinitive), a third person singular present tense, a past tense (or preterite), a past participle, and the -ing form that serves as both a present participle and gerund.
The past participle of regular verbs is identical to the preterite (past tense) form, described in the previous section. For irregular verbs, see English irregular verbs. Some of these have different past tense and past participle forms (like sing–sang–sung); others have the same form for both (like make–made–made).
Part of the conjugation of the Spanish verb correr, "to run", the lexeme is "corr-". Red represents the speaker, purple the addressee (or speaker/hearer) and teal a third person. One person represents the singular number and two, the plural number. Dawn represents the past (specifically the preterite), noon the present and night the future.
Past active participle: Used with the verb olla (to be) to construct the perfect and the past perfect tenses. In English the verb "to have" is used to form the perfect and past perfect tense (I have / had killed), in Finnish the verb "to be" is used instead (minä olen / olin tappanut).
The past participle were sometimes sporadically rounded to *-ū-, this situation is preserved in French. The "unstressed" indicative imperfect is very likely from shortened *-bămus , *-bătis , yielding to the stress on the third-from-last syllable ( can tā́ bămus ), as opposed to Classical Latin stress on the second-from-last syllable ...
The perfect passive participle is declined like a 1st and 2nd declension adjective. In all conjugations, the perfect participle is formed by removing the –um from the supine, and adding a –us (masculine nominative singular). The future active participle is declined like a 1st and 2nd declension adjective.