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History of optics. Modern ophthalmic lens making machine. Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term ...
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [ 1 ] Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and other forms of ...
1825 – Augustin Fresnel phenomenologically explains optical activity by introducing circular birefringence 1825 – William Sturgeon , founder of the first English Electric Journal, Annals of Electricity , found that an iron core inside a helical coil of wire connected to a battery greatly increased the resulting magnetic field, thus making ...
Photonics is a branch of optics that involves the application of generation, detection, and manipulation of light in the form of photons through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Photonics is closely related to quantum electronics, where quantum electronics deals with the ...
Optics (Greek: Ὀπτικά) is a work on the geometry of vision written by the Greek mathematician Euclid around 300 BC. The earliest surviving manuscript of Optics is in Greek and dates from the 10th century AD. The work deals almost entirely with the geometry of vision, with little reference to either the physical or psychological aspects ...
Opticks at Wikisource. Opticks: or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light is a collection of three books by Isaac Newton that was published in English in 1704 (a scholarly Latin translation appeared in 1706). [1] The treatise analyzes the fundamental nature of light by means of the refraction of light with ...
Objects resembling lenses date back 4000 years although it is unknown if they were used for their optical properties or just as decoration. [7] Greek accounts of the optical properties of water-filled spheres (5th century BC) were followed by many centuries of writings on optics, including Ptolemy (2nd century) in his Optics, who wrote about the properties of light including reflection ...
Physical optics is used to explain effects such as diffraction. In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical ...