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Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. [ 82 ] Plants form about 80% of the world biomass at about 450 gigatonnes (4.4 × 10 11 long tons; 5.0 × 10 11 short tons) of carbon. [ 83 ]
Botany, also called plant science(or plant sciences), plant biologyor phytology, is the scienceof plantlife and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientistor phytologistis a scientistwho specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greekword botanÄ“(βοτάνη) meaning "pasture", "herbs" "grass", or "fodder";[1 ...
Chloroplasts in leaf cells of the moss Mnium stellare. Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There are also two meristems associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
Non-vascular plants , with their different evolutionary background, tend to have separate terminology. Although plant morphology (the external form) is integrated with plant anatomy (the internal form), the former became the basis of the taxonomic description of plants that exists today, due to the few tools required to observe. [2] [3]
Photosynthesis (/ ËŒfoÊŠtəˈsɪnθÉ™sɪs / FOH-tÉ™-SINTH-É™-sis) [ 1 ] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
Conservation in this context is the attempt to prevent extinction, whether in situ by protecting plants and their habitats in the wild, or ex situ in seed banks or as living plants. [88] Some 3000 botanic gardens around the world maintain living plants, including over 40% of the species known to be threatened, as an "insurance policy against ...
Plants have two major organs systems. Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system, and a root system. The shoot system consists stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plant (flowers and fruits). The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The root system ...
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