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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene. PSA is a member of the kallikrein -related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.
Prostate cancer screening is the screening process used to detect undiagnosed prostate cancer in men without signs or symptoms. [1][2] When abnormal prostate tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat and cure, but it is unclear if early detection reduces mortality rates. [2] Screening precedes a diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Those with elevated PSA may undergo secondary screening blood tests that measure subtypes of PSA and other molecules to better predict the likelihood that a person will develop aggressive prostate cancer. Many measure "free PSA" – the fraction of PSA unbound to other blood proteins, usually around 10% to 30%.
What Your PSA Test Results Mean. The PSA is a good initial “check engine light” for the prostate, says Garrett Pohlman, M.D., a urologist and host of The Prostate Health Podcast. But it can ...
H&E stain. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is an abnormality of prostatic glands and believed to precede the development of prostate adenocarcinoma (the most common form of prostate cancer). [1][2] It may be referred to simply as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). It is considered to be a pre-malignancy, or ...
After surgery or radiation therapy, PSA may start to rise again, which is called biochemical recurrence if a certain threshold is met in PSA levels (typically 0.1 or 0.2 ng/ml for surgery). At 10 years of follow-up after surgery, there is an overall risk of biochemical recurrence of 30–50%, depending on the initial risk state, and salvage ...
Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. [ 1 ] It may also be considered advisable after a digital rectal exam (DRE) finds possible abnormality.
Prostatic acid phosphatase. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), also prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer or other diseases. The highest levels of acid phosphatase are found in metastasized prostate cancer.