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This reduced relaxation period between contractions also results in an inability to clear acidotic metabolites from the cells which may lead to fetal acidosis. [1] Fetal pulse oximetry gave researchers the means to quantify the effects that result from uterine tachysystole. [1] In 2008, 1,493 contractions were studied across 30 patients.
Failure to progress can take place during two different phases; the latent phase and active phase of labor. [1] The latent phase of labor can be emotionally tiring and cause fatigue, but it typically does not result in further problems. [1] The active phase of labor, on the other hand, if prolonged, can result in long term complications. [1]
The first stage of labour is divided into latent and active phases, where the latent phase is sometimes included in the definition of labour, [39] and sometimes not. [40] The latent phase is generally defined as beginning at the point at which the woman perceives regular uterine contractions. [41]
These labour contractions are characterized by their rhythmic tightening and relaxation of the myometrium, the most prominent uterine muscle. Labour contractions primarily serve the purpose of opening and dilating the cervix, [7] which leads to the assisting of the passage of the baby through the vaginal canal during the first stage of labour.
From that point, pressure from the presenting part (head in vertex births or bottom in breech births), along with uterine contractions, will dilate the cervix to 10 centimeters, which is "complete." Cervical dilation is accompanied by effacement, the thinning of the cervix. General guidelines for cervical dilation: Latent phase: 0–3 centimeters
Women are 4-5 times more likely to develop a clot during pregnancy and in the postpartum period than when they are not pregnant. [25] Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In developing countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage. [25]
Hemorrhoids are common in pregnancy as a result of constipation and increased intra-abdominal pressure. Hemorrhoids can cause bleeding, pain, and itching. [31] Treatment is symptomatic, including improving underlying constipation. Symptoms may resolve spontaneously after pregnancy, although hemorrhoids may remain in the days after childbirth. [32]
The area of action differs for each effect, contraction occurs in the upper uterine segment while relaxation occurs in the lower uterine segment. [14] Not as efficacious for inducing labor when compared to other prostaglandins. [16] Dinoprost: also known as PGF 2α, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which causes contraction via PG F ...
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