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  2. List of minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

    Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico Ametrine ...

  3. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Calcite. Manganoan calcite (var.); Caledonite; Canasite; Cancrinite. Vishnevite; Carletonite; Carnallite; Cassiterite; Catapleiite; Cavansite; Celestite; Ceruleite ...

  4. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    A crystal's crystallographic forms are sets of possible faces of the crystal that are related by one of the symmetries of the crystal. For example, crystals of galena often take the shape of cubes, and the six faces of the cube belong to a crystallographic form that displays one of the symmetries of the isometric crystal system. Galena also ...

  5. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem , jewel , precious stone , semiprecious stone , or simply gem ) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

  6. Mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

    Al 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 → Al 2 SiO 5 + 3 SiO 2 + H 2 O Alternatively, a mineral may change its crystal structure as a consequence of changes in temperature and pressure without reacting. For example, quartz will change into a variety of its SiO 2 polymorphs , such as tridymite and cristobalite at high temperatures, and coesite at high pressures.

  7. Helenite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenite

    [1] [2] Helenite was first created accidentally after the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. Workers from the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company were attempting to salvage equipment damaged after the volcanic eruption. Using acetylene torches, they noticed that the intense heat was melting the nearby volcanic ash and rock and turning it a greenish ...

  8. Cubic crystal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system

    A rock containing three crystals of pyrite (FeS 2). The crystal structure of pyrite is primitive cubic, and this is reflected in the cubic symmetry of its natural crystal facets. A network model of a primitive cubic system The primitive and cubic close-packed (also known as face-centered cubic) unit cells

  9. Euhedral and anhedral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euhedral_and_anhedral

    Crystals that grow from cooling liquid magma typically do not form smooth faces or sharp crystal outlines. As magma cools, the crystals grow and eventually touch each other, preventing crystal faces from forming properly or at all. When snowflakes crystallize, they do not touch each other. Thus, snowflakes form euhedral, six-sided twinned crystals.