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The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
Haploid algal cells (containing only one copy of their DNA) can fuse with other haploid cells to form diploid zygotes. When filamentous algae do this, they form bridges between cells, and leave empty cell walls behind that can be easily distinguished under the light microscope. This process is called conjugation and occurs for example in Spirogyra.
Diatoms, unicellular algae that have siliceous cell walls. [46] They are the most abundant form of algae in the ocean, although they can be found in fresh water as well. [46] They account for about 40% of the world's primary marine production, and produce about 25% of the world's oxygen. [47] Diatoms are very diverse, and comprise about 100,000 ...
Valonia ventricosa, also known as bubble algae, sea grape, [2] or sailor's eyeballs, [3] is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions, within the phylum Chlorophyta. It is one of the largest known unicellular organisms. [3] [4] Valonia ventricosa in the Red Sea
Green, red and brown algae all have multicellular macroscopic forms that make up the familiar seaweeds. Green algae , an informal group, contains about 8,000 recognised species. [ 49 ] Many species live most of their lives as single cells or are filamentous, while others form colonies made up from long chains of cells, or are highly ...
[1] [2] Although cyanobacteria metabolize photoautotrophically like eukaryotic plants, they have prokaryotic cell structure. Cyanophages can be found in both freshwater and marine environments. [3] Marine and freshwater cyanophages have icosahedral heads, which contain double-stranded DNA, attached to a tail by connector proteins. [4]
Brown algae Commercial crop 543.4 Mb Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institutes of Life Science 2015 [62] The Greenhouse [15] Thalassiosira oceanica CCMP 1005 Model organism 92.2 Mb 34,642 The Future Ocean: 2012 [63] The Greenhouse [15] Thalassiosira pseudonana: model organism 32.4 Mb 11,673 Diatom Consortium: 2009 [64] The Greenhouse [15]
Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. [3] Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4]