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These appliances can be used to achieve expansion in the maxillary arch; there are devices for mandibular expansion or lower expansion too. In past many years, different types of appliances have been made. These types are: tissue-borne, tooth-borne, slow maxillary expansion, rapid maxillary expansion, and bone-anchored.
Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is an expansion technique where expansion of 0.5 mm to 1 mm is achieved each day until the posterior crossbite is relieved. The expander works by turning a key inside the center of the expander. The turn of this key will push the arms of the expander.
SARPE is performed to address the transverse dimension changes in a patient. Sometimes this surgery is followed by Le Fort 1 in a second surgery to address the vertical and the anterior-posterior changes. Between the two surgeries, a patient's constricted maxillary arch is expanded with the rapid maxillary expander device placed in the maxilla.
In the Anterior-Posterior dimension, appliances such as Class II and Class III are used. Appliances used in transverse dimension are utilized to expand either the maxillary or the mandibular arch. Appliances used in the vertical dimension are used to correct open or deep bite. [3] [4]
Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders. There is a totally different orthodontics approach without extraction and pain, is called functional orthodontics, the functional orthodontic technology is different and called functional appliance, that is an appliance that produces all or part of its effect by altering the position of the mandible/maxilla.
However, many other studies have showed that TPA cannot provide absolute anchorage to prevent mesial movement of the posterior molars. Baccetti et al. (2011) showed that the TPA could be used in the absence of Rapid Maxillary Expander. In these cases, the patients have palatally displaced canine teeth which do not require expansion. [3]
Frankel appliance or Frankel Functional Regulator is an orthodontic functional appliance which was developed by Rolf Fränkel in 1950s for treatment to patients of all ages (more so for adults In Orthotropics). This appliance primarily focused on the modulation of neuromuscular activity in order to produce changes in jaw and teeth.
The inter-maxillary fixation technique, the Ivy Loop is named after him. Ivy is considered a pioneer and father of the modern practice of plastic surgery. Ivy was influenced by Dr. Vilray Blair of Washington University School of Medicine. [25]