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The F-117 has a radar cross-section (RCS) of about 0.001 m 2 (0.0108 sq ft). [68] Among the penalties for stealth are subsonic speeds to prevent frame heating, heat on the engine inlet and outlet prevent certain thrusting maneuvers, a very low wing aspect ratio, and a high sweep angle (50°) are needed to deflect incoming radar waves to the sides.
Passive (multistatic) radar, bistatic radar [25] and especially multistatic radar systems detect some stealth aircraft better than conventional monostatic radars, since first-generation stealth technology (such as the F-117) reflects energy away from the transmitter's line of sight, effectively increasing the radar cross section (RCS) in other ...
The AN/APG-77 system itself exhibits a very low radar cross-section, supporting the F-22's stealthy design. [3] The upgraded APG-77(V)1 may have an even greater range. Much of the technology developed for the APG-77 was used in the AN/APG-81 radar for the F-35 Lightning II, and in turn the technology from the APG-81 was applied to the upgraded ...
The Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor is an American twin-engine, all-weather, supersonic stealth fighter aircraft.As a product of the United States Air Force's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also incorporates ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities.
The theory played a critical role in the design of American stealth-aircraft F-117 and B-2. [19] [20] [21] Equations outlined in the paper quantified how a plane's shape would affect its detectability by radar, termed radar cross-section (RCS). [22]
Aero-13 Fire Control System. The Aero 13 FCR designed for Douglas F4D Skyray is the origin of AN/APQ-120, and it established the configuration of the airborne FCR not only for the radar families of AN/APQ-120, but also a standard for all other airborne radars to follow: Aero 13 FCR was designed as an integrated cylindrical module that could be plugged into the nose of an aircraft, instead of a ...
In those situations, it is useful to use a related quantity called the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS), also known as differential scattering coefficient or radar backscatter coefficient, denoted σ 0 or σ 0 ("sigma nought"), which is the average radar cross-section of a set of objects per unit area:
A stealth engineer at Lockheed, Denys Overholser, read Ufimtsev’s publication and realized that he had developed the mathematical theory and tools necessary for finite element analysis of radar reflection. [3] This discovery played a key role in the design of the first true stealth aircraft, the Lockheed F-117.