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A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). [1] This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements.
A clinical control group can be a placebo arm or it can involve an old method used to address a clinical outcome when testing a new idea. For example in a study released by the British Medical Journal, in 1995 studying the effects of strict blood pressure control versus more relaxed blood pressure control in diabetic patients, the clinical control group was the diabetic patients that did not ...
An experiment must also control the possible confounding factors—any factors that would mar the accuracy or repeatability of the experiment or the ability to interpret the results. Confounding is commonly eliminated through scientific controls and/or, in randomized experiments , through random assignment .
A contemporary press review of the episode bears at least part of this story out, identifying "Controlled Experiment" as a pilot for a half-hour comedy series. [2] The flying saucer in the opening scene was built by special effects technician Paul Blaisdell for the 1957 film Invasion of the Saucer Men. [3]
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices , diagnostic procedures , diets or other medical treatments.
Web sites can run randomized controlled experiments [2] to create a feedback loop. [3] Key differences between offline experimentation and online experiments include: [3] [4] Logging: user interactions can be logged reliably. Number of users: large sites, such as Amazon, Bing/Microsoft, and Google run experiments, each with over a million users.
Từ điển bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam (Encyclopedia of Vietnam), a state-sponsored encyclopedia which was published in 2005. Vietnamese Wikipedia, a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Vietnam War encyclopedias. Encyclopedic works and encyclopedias focused on Vietnam War-related topics.
This study was an example of a natural experiment, called a case-crossover experiment, where the exposure is removed for a time and then returned. The study also noted its own weaknesses which potentially suggest that the inability to control variables in natural experiments can impede investigators from drawing firm conclusions.' [12]