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These low humidities, combined with the warm, compressionally-heated air mass, plus high wind speeds, create critical fire weather conditions, and fan destructive wildfires. [4] Typically, about 10 to 25 Santa Ana wind events occur annually. [5] A Santa Ana wind can blow from one to seven days, with an average wind event lasting three days. [6]
Tropical cyclone wind speed climatology is the study of wind distribution among tropical cyclones, a significant threat to land and people. Since records began in 1851, winds from hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones have been responsible for fatalities and damage in every basin.
The United States, though, has very large offshore wind energy resources due to strong, consistent winds off the long U.S. coastline. [54] The 2011 NREL report, Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States, analyzes the current state of the offshore wind energy industry. According to the report, offshore wind resource development would ...
In terms of wind speed, Allen from 1980 was the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record, with maximum sustained winds of 190 mph (310 km/h). For many years, it was thought that Hurricane Camille also attained this intensity, but this conclusion was changed in 2014.
Recently, the wind speeds were re-examined and adjusted to a maximum official wind speed of 321 mph (516.6 km/h). [ 311 ] A DOW calculation of a subvortice of the 2013 El Reno tornado was estimated in a range of 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) in 2024.
The HDP index was later modified to further include tropical storms, that is, all wind speeds of at least 34 knots (≥ 63 km/h; 39 mph), [4] to become the accumulated cyclone energy index. [6] The highest ACE calculated for a single tropical cyclone on record worldwide is 87.01, set by Cyclone Freddy in 2023. [7]
An anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed. Global distribution of wind speed at 10m above ground averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set [1] In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in ...
Sustained wind speeds are reported globally at a 10-meter (33 ft) height and are averaged over a 10‑minute time frame. The United States reports winds over a 1‑minute average for tropical cyclones, [13] and a 2‑minute average within weather observations. [14] India typically reports winds over a 3‑minute average. [15]