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  2. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    5 km flight visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface or, for an aircraft, other than a helicopter, operating at 140 kt or less: 1,500 m flight visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface For helicopters: Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface at a speed which is commensurate with the visibility. [2]

  3. METAR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METAR

    "Scattered" = 3–4 oktas BKN "Broken" = 5–7 oktas OVC "Overcast" = 8 oktas, i.e., full cloud coverage TCU Towering cumulus cloud, e.g., SCT016TCU CB Cumulonimbus cloud, e.g., FEW015CB VV "Vertical visibility" = clouds cannot be seen because of fog or heavy precipitation, so vertical visibility is given instead.

  4. Okta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okta

    Cloud-cover symbols used on weather teleprinters and aviation reports in the US [6] In the early 20th century, it was common for weather maps to be hand drawn. The symbols for cloud cover on these maps, like the modern symbols, were drawn inside the circle marking the position of the weather station making the measurements.

  5. Area forecast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_forecast

    d. A VFR CLOUDS/WX section i. Contains a 12-hour specific forecast, followed by a 6-hour categorical outlook; ii. Broken down into geographical areas, and/or states; iii. Describes cloud and weather affecting VFR flight operations, including precipitation, thunderstorms, and sustained surface winds 20 Kts or greater. Also includes visibility ...

  6. Ceiling (cloud) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(cloud)

    The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 meters (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky. [2] United Kingdom The vertical distance from the elevation of an aerodrome to the lowest part of any cloud visible from the aerodrome which is sufficient to obscure more than half of the sky. [3] United ...

  7. Instrument meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_meteorological...

    A pilot's view of the runway just before landing in thick fog at night. In aviation, instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to flight instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), as opposed to flying by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR).

  8. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    Under visual meteorological conditions, the minimum visual range, distance from clouds, or cloud clearance requirements to be maintained above ground vary by jurisdiction, and may also vary according to the airspace in which the aircraft is operating. [4] In some countries, VFR flight is permitted at night, and is known as night VFR.

  9. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    However, typical daytime VFR minimums for most airspace is 3 statute miles of flight visibility and a distance from clouds of 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontally. [4] Flight conditions reported as equal to or greater than these VFR minimums are referred to as visual meteorological conditions (VMC).