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Lithium, the lightest of the alkali metals, is the only alkali metal which reacts with nitrogen at standard conditions, and its nitride is the only stable alkali metal nitride. Nitrogen is an unreactive gas because breaking the strong triple bond in the dinitrogen molecule (N 2 ) requires a lot of energy.
Calculations have difficulty replicating the experimentally known bcc structures of the stable alkali metals, and the same problem affects Fr; [3] nonetheless, it is probably also BCC. [4] The latest predictions for Fl could not distinguish between FCC and HCP structures, which were predicted to be close in energy. [5]
Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the stable alkali metals and has a very low first ionization energy of only 403 kJ/mol. [12] It has an electron configuration of [Kr]5s 1 and is photosensitive. [15]: 382 Due to its strong electropositive nature, rubidium reacts explosively with water [16] to produce rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen ...
The stable isotopes of potassium can be laser cooled and used to probe fundamental and technological problems in quantum physics. The two bosonic isotopes possess convenient Feshbach resonances to enable studies requiring tunable interactions, while 40 K is one of only two stable fermions amongst the alkali metals. [81]
It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and must be prepared from compounds.
The heavier alkaline earth metals react more vigorously than the lighter ones. [2] The alkaline earth metals have the second-lowest first ionization energies in their respective periods of the periodic table [4] because of their somewhat low effective nuclear charges and the ability to attain a full outer shell configuration by losing just two ...
Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals exist as stable cations. Alkali metals readily form cations with stable valence shells, giving them different coordination behavior than lanthanides and transition metals. They are strongly affected by the counterion from the salt used in synthesis, which is difficult to avoid. The coordination polymers ...
Of the 26 "monoisotopic" elements that have only a single stable isotope, all but one have an odd atomic number—the single exception being beryllium. In addition, no odd-numbered element has more than two stable isotopes, while every even-numbered element with stable isotopes, except for helium, beryllium, and carbon, has at least three.