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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
Vision rehabilitation (often called vision rehab) is a term for a medical rehabilitation to improve vision or low vision. In other words, it is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence in an individual who has lost visual function through illness or injury.
Low vision is both a subspeciality and a condition. Optometrists , Opticians and Ophthalmologists after their training may undergo further training in Low vision assessment and management. There are various classifications for low vision, this varies from country to country and even from state to state.
Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
The development of cortical blindness into the milder cortical visual impairment is a more likely outcome. [2] Furthermore, some patients regain vision completely, as is the case with transient cortical blindness associated with eclampsia and the side effects of certain anti-epilepsy drugs.
Cortical blindness-Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex. [ 7 ] Retrobulbar neuritis - Retrobulbar neuritis cause of visual loss with normal fundus but there will be relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and abnormal visually evoked responses .
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) is a global alliance of eye health organisations working for the prevention of blindness and vision impairment. [4] IAPB was established in 1975 to work as an umbrella body for global blindness prevention activities. This agency is a partner of World Health Organization. [5] [6]