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  2. List of periodontal diseases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_periodontal_diseases

    Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss, and involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament. [9] [10] [11] Progression of the disease into tissue beyond the mucogingival junction characterizes necrotizing stomatitis (cancrum oris).

  3. Periapical periodontitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periapical_periodontitis

    Periapical periodontitis may develop into a periapical abscess, where a collection of pus forms at the end of the root, the consequence of spread of infection from the tooth pulp (odontogenic infection), or into a periapical cyst, where an epithelial lined, fluid-filled structure forms.

  4. Chronic periodontitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_periodontitis

    Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.

  5. Periodontal pathogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_pathogen

    Dental plaque, the precursor of periodontal disease, is a complex biofilm consisting mainly of bacteria, but also archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses. Viruses that specifically infect bacteria—bacteriophages—are most common in the oral cavity. Viral roles in the progression of periodontal disease as of 2017 remains poorly explored. [1]

  6. Periodontal disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease

    Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide.

  7. Aggressive periodontitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggressive_periodontitis

    As the overall treatment concepts and goals for AgP are not significantly different from that of chronic periodontitis, the different treatment phases (cause related therapy; re-examination for response to therapy; definitive therapy; and maintenance) are similar for both types of periodontitis.

  8. Healing of periapical lesions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healing_of_periapical_lesions

    In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...

  9. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of...

    Treatment concepts were based on the concept of pocket depths being the most critical criterion for surgical versus non-surgical treatments. This index was also designed to screen large populations to determine treatment needs and formulate preventive strategies, not to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases.