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This determines the peak momentary output power for a given load resistance. [1] [2] Current: The amp's output devices (transistors or tubes) have a current limit, above which they are damaged. This determines the minimum load resistance that the amp can drive at its maximum voltage. [3]
Modern Class AB amplifiers commonly have peak efficiencies between 30 and 55% in audio systems and 50-70% in radio frequency systems with a theoretical maximum of 78.5%. Commercially available Class D switching amplifiers have reported efficiencies as high as 90%. Amplifiers of Class C-F are usually known to be very high-efficiency amplifiers.
For AC-operated devices (e.g. coaxial cable, loudspeakers), there may even be two power ratings, a maximum (peak) power rating and an average power rating. [5] [6] For such devices, the peak power rating usually specifies the low frequency or pulse energy, while the average power rating limits high-frequency operation. [5]
Unlike average power, which is the mean power output over a period, peak power represents the maximum power output at any given instant. This distinction is crucial in applications where signal peaks can significantly exceed the average power level. Peak power is a critical parameter in the field of radio frequency (RF) and telecommunications.
This system has a characteristic mass and stiffness, and a resonant frequency at which the system will vibrate freely. This frequency is known as the free-space resonance of the loudspeaker and is designated by F s. At this frequency, the voice coil is vibrating in the speaker's magnetic field with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude and velocity.
High-voltage audio amplifiers have almost become a one chip solution. For example, National Semiconductor's LME49810 [7] (and similar products LME49811 [8] and LME49830 [9]) can output 100 V peak to peak signals, but have relatively low current output, so a standard circuit includes a Darlington or FET discrete output stage.
The term gain alone is ambiguous, and can refer to the ratio of output to input voltage (voltage gain), current (current gain) or electric power (power gain). [4] In the field of audio and general purpose amplifiers, especially operational amplifiers , the term usually refers to voltage gain, [ 2 ] but in radio frequency amplifiers it usually ...
Tesla coil, 0.76 meters (2 ft 6 in) high, at 200 kV and 270 kV peak [4] 2.1 A High power LED current (peak 2.7 A) [5] 5 A One typical 12 V motor vehicle headlight (typically 60 W) 9 A 230 V AC, toaster, kettle (2 kW) 10 1: 10 or 20 A 230 V AC, Europe common domestic circuit breaker rating 15 or 20 A