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The temperature and pH of saliva makes it conducive for bacteria to survive in the oral cavity. Bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus. [15] S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut ...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota .
The bacteria and fungi live together in the gut and there is most likely a competition for nutrient sources present. [ 99 ] [ 100 ] Seelbinder et al . found that commensal bacteria in the gut regulate the growth and pathogenicity of Candida albicans by their metabolites, particularly by propionate, acetic acid and 5-dodecenoate. [ 98 ]
Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. [1] The most common environment concerning their effects on human health is the gastrointestinal tract, where prebiotics can alter the composition of organisms in the gut microbiome .
The microbiota comprises all living members forming the microbiome. Most microbiome researchers agree bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and small protists should be considered as members of the microbiome. [64] [1] The integration of phages, viruses, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements is a more controversial issue in the definition of the ...
The manipulation of the gut microbiota is complex and may cause bacteria-host interactions. [5] Though probiotics are considered safe, some have concerns about their safety in certain cases. [ 5 ] [ 41 ] Some people, such as those with immunodeficiency , short bowel syndrome , central venous catheters , and cardiac valve disease , and premature ...
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
Commensal gut microbes create a variety of metabolites that bind aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR). AHR is a ligand-inducible transcription factor found in immune and epithelial cells and binding of AHR is required for normal immune activation as the lack of AHR binding has been shown to cause over activation of immune cells. [1]