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Silent stroke is a stroke which does not have any outward symptoms, and the patient is typically unaware they have had a stroke. Despite its lack of identifiable symptoms, a silent stroke still causes brain damage and places the patient at increased risk for a major stroke in the future.
Extremely low blood pressure can also result from drug overdose and reactions to drugs. Therefore, brain ischemia can result from events other than heart attacks. [citation needed] Congenital heart defects may also cause brain ischemia due to the lack of appropriate artery formation and connection. People with congenital heart defects may also ...
During a stroke, there is an interruption in the blood supply followed by reperfusion which leads to histotoxic hypoxia because of an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). [4] In the case of inflammatory diseases, histotoxic hypoxia can also be triggered by ROS from mitochondrial damage in the active lesions of chronic multiple sclerosis.
Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply ...
However, with a reduction in plasma volume, hematocrit and hemoglobin can be increased due to hemoconcentration. [4] Low urinary sodium is commonly found in hypovolemic patients as the kidneys attempt to conserve sodium and water to expand the extracellular volume. However, sodium urine can be low in a euvolemic patient with heart failure ...
Myeloma mostly affects people over the age of 65, with symptoms including persistent bone pain tiredness, shortness of breath and repeated infections.
A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of ischemia affecting the brain is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke. [17] TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients having a serious stroke within one year. [17] [18]
A head and neck CT angiogram can be performed within 6 hours of onset of symptoms to see where the occlusion may be located which can help in determining the cause of the stroke. [29] In people who die from a stroke an autopsy can reveal additional diseases or conditions beyond the stroke itself, as well as uncover uncommon causes of a stroke. [30]