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  2. Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_HIV/AIDS

    A good CD8 + T cell response has been linked to slower disease progression and a better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus. [3] During the acute phase, HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells accounts for CD4 + T cell depletion, although apoptosis may also be a factor.

  3. Saliva - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva

    Saliva on a baby's lips. Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), and antimicrobial agents (such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes).

  4. HIV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

    The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3]

  5. HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

    HIV is now known to spread between CD4 + T cells by two parallel routes: cell-free spread and cell-to-cell spread, i.e. it employs hybrid spreading mechanisms. [95] In the cell-free spread, virus particles bud from an infected T cell, enter the blood/extracellular fluid and then infect another T cell following a chance encounter. [ 95 ]

  6. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    Natural killer cells (NK cells) are lymphocytes and a component of the innate immune system that does not directly attack invading microbes. [41] Rather, NK cells destroy compromised host cells, such as tumor cells or virus-infected cells, recognizing such cells by a condition known as "missing self".

  7. Lactoperoxidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoperoxidase

    The LPO system plays an important role in the innate immune system by destroying bacteria in milk and mucosal (linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium involved in absorption and secretion) secretions. Hence augmentation of the lactoperoxidase system may have therapeutic applications and applications for controlling bacteria ...

  8. Salivary gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland

    Salivary immunoglobulin A serves to aggregate oral bacteria such as S. mutans and prevent the formation of dental plaque. [28] Tissue repair: Saliva can encourage soft-tissue repair by decreasing clotting time and increasing wound contraction. [29] Digestion: Saliva contains amylase, which hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrin.

  9. Salivary microbiome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_microbiome

    Saliva sampling may be a non-invasive way to detect changes in the gut microbiome and changes in systemic disease. The association between the salivary microbiome those with Polycistic Ovarian Syndrome has been characterized: "saliva microbiome profiles correlate with those in the stool, despite the fact that the bacterial communities in the ...