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Polymyxin B/trimethoprim, sold under the brand name Polytrim is an antimicrobial solution for topical ophthalmic use in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. [1] In 2022, it was the 252nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [2] [3]
Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves without treatment. [3] Topical antibiotics may be needed only if no improvement is observed after 3 days. [41] No serious effects were noted either with or without treatment. [42] Because antibiotics do speed healing in bacterial conjunctivitis, their use may be considered. [42]
The mechanism by which the bacteria causes symptoms of blepharitis is not fully understood and may include direct irritation of bacterial toxins and/or enhanced cell-mediated immunity to S. aureus. Staphylococcal blepharitis is caused by an infection of the anterior portion of the eyelid by Staphylococcal bacteria. [14]
The syndrome is marked by the appearance of characteristic lesions, known as phlyctenules, on the cornea and/or conjunctiva.These usually manifest as small (1 - 3 [1] or 1 - 4 [2] mm) raised nodules, pinkish-white or yellow in color, which may ulcerate (or, more rarely, necrose) and are often surrounded by dilated blood vessels.
Besifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that has a broad spectrum in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative ocular pathogens: e.g., Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Moraxella lacunata, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus salivarius.
The SPC is not intended to give general advice about treatment of a condition but does state how the product is to be used for a specific treatment. It forms the basis of information for health professionals to know how to use the specific product safely and effectively. The package leaflet supplied with the product is aimed at end-users. [3]
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. [6] By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. [5]
Generally, conjunctivitis does not affect the pupils. With acute angle-closure glaucoma , the pupil is generally fixed in mid-position, oval, and responds sluggishly to light, if at all. Shallow anterior chamber depth may indicate a predisposition to one form of glaucoma (narrow angle) but requires slit-lamp examination or other special ...