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sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate [a] [b] is the organic ion with the formula HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 2-. It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO 3 2- ) and glycerol . It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids . [ 2 ]
In biochemistry, lipogenesis is the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol into fats, or a metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted to triglyceride for storage in fat. [1] Lipogenesis encompasses both fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis , with the latter being the process by which fatty acids are esterified to glycerol before ...
In the cytosol of the cell (for example a muscle cell), the glycerol will be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which is an intermediate in the glycolysis, to get further oxidized and produce energy. However, the main steps of fatty acids catabolism occur in the mitochondria. [16]
The glycerol also enters the bloodstream and is absorbed by the liver or kidney where it is converted to glycerol 3-phosphate by the enzyme glycerol kinase. Hepatic glycerol 3-phosphate is converted mostly into dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) and then glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) to rejoin the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway. [15]
When dihydroxyacetone phosphate is produced, glyceroneogenesis will branch off from gluconeogenesis. [1] With the expense of NADH, dihydroxyacetone phosphate will convert to glycerol 3-phosphate, which is the final product of glyceroneogenesis. In addition, triglyceride can be generated by re-esterifying 3 fatty acid chains on glycerol 3-phosphate.
The dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be removed from glycolysis by conversion into glycerol-3-phosphate, which can be used to form triglycerides. [21] Conversely, triglycerides can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol; the latter, in turn, can be converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which can enter glycolysis after the second ...
The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is an important intermediary in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids and cholesterol. [7] This occurs via the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. However, this acetyl-CoA needs to be transported into cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol occurs.
The conversion of PA into diacylglycerol (DAG) by LPPs is the commitment step for the production of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). In addition, DAG is also converted into CDP-DAG, which is a precursor for phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphoinositides (PIP, PIP 2 ...