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Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios , where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid.
Post-maturity is more likely to happen when a mother has had a post-term pregnancy before. After one post-term pregnancy, the risk of a second post-term birth increases by 2 to 3 times. [8] Other, minor risk factors include an older or obese mother, a white mother, male baby, or a family history of post-maturity. [9]
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Routine screening of women with a glucose challenge test may find more women with gestational diabetes than only screening women with risk factors. [37] Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) is not recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes, as it is a less reliable marker of glycemia during pregnancy than oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT).
Other risk factors include a multiple pregnancy, more than one previous delivery, and too much amniotic fluid. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Whether medical rupture of the amniotic sac is a risk is controversial. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The diagnosis should be suspected if there is a sudden decrease in the baby's heart rate during labor.
Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. [5] [6] Many birth defects are believed to involve multiple factors. [6] Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. [10]
The main risk factor is a history of diabetes mellitus type 2. [4] Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. [3] [4] Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. [4] Other risk factors: Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ...
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS), twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) and stuck twin syndrome, is a complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies (the most common form of identical twin pregnancy) in which there is disproportionate blood supply between the fetuses.