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The first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter was the Galileo orbiter, which went into orbit around Jupiter on December 7, 1995. It orbited the planet for over seven years, making 35 orbits before it was destroyed during a controlled impact with Jupiter on September 21, 2003. [ 44 ]
It was referred to as "Jupiter I", or "The first satellite of Jupiter" until the mid-20th century. [14] With over 400 active volcanos, Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System. [25] Its surface is dotted with more than 100 mountains, some of which are taller than Earth's Mount Everest. [26]
A montage of Jupiter and its four largest moons (distance and sizes not to scale) There are 95 moons of Jupiter with confirmed orbits as of 5 February 2024. [1] [note 1] This number does not include a number of meter-sized moonlets thought to be shed from the inner moons, nor hundreds of possible kilometer-sized outer irregular moons that were only briefly captured by telescopes. [4]
In both the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, Jupiter was named after the chief god of the divine pantheon: Zeus to the Greeks and Jupiter to the Romans. [19] The International Astronomical Union formally adopted the name Jupiter for the planet in 1976 and has since named its newly discovered satellites for the god's lovers, favourites, and descendants. [20]
PROBA-1 Small satellite to observe the Earth (first Belgian Satellite) 2003 Canada: MOST: Earth: Success: MOST the smallest space telescope in orbit. Turkey: BİLSAT: Earth: Success: BİLSAT, Turkey's first earth observation satellite: 2002 US: CONTOUR: Comet Encke: Failure: CONTOUR launched, but lost during early trajectory insertion. Europe ...
Asteroid (706765) 2010 TK 7 is the first discovered tadpole orbit companion to Earth, orbiting L 4; like Earth, its mean distance to the Sun is about one astronomical unit. Asteroid (614689) 2020 XL 5 is the second Earth trojan, confirmed in November 2021, oscillating around L 4 in a tadpole orbit and expected to remain there for at least 4000 ...
It was delivered into Earth orbit on October 18, 1989, by Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-34 mission, and arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravity assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter.
The spacecraft's "first," and by far longest, orbit around Jupiter followed the JOI and lasted nearly seven months. On 27 June 1996, this initial orbit culminated in a close encounter with Ganymede, the largest of the four Galilean satellites. After the first Jupiter orbit of seven months, subsequent orbits were much shorter, ranging from one ...