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Human occupation of Rwanda is thought to have begun shortly after the last ice age.By the 11th century, [1] the inhabitants had organized into a number of kingdoms. In the 19th century, Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda conducted a decades-long process of military conquest and administrative consolidation that resulted in the kingdom coming to control most of what is now Rwanda.
Before the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda was divided racially along three main groupings: the Hutu (85 percent of the population), the Tutsi (14 percent of the population), and the Twa (less than one percent of the population). [1] The Twa, Tutsi and Hutu ethnic identities were important in the Nyiginya Kingdom. [1]
Belgium grants Rwanda independence. [1] 26 October: Grégoire Kayibanda becomes the first elected President of Rwanda. 1963: Following a Tutsi guerilla attack from Burundi, an anti-Tutsi backlash kills thousands. 1973: 5 July: Grégoire Kayibanda is overthrown in a military coup d'état. [4] Juvénal Habyarimana becomes the third President of ...
The largest ethnic groups in Rwanda are the Hutus, which make up about 85% of Rwanda's population; the Tutsis, which are 14%; and the Twa, which are around 1%. [1] Starting with the Tutsi feudal monarchy rule of the 10th century, the Hutus were a subjugated social group. Belgian colonization also contributed to the tensions between the Hutus ...
Rwanda, [a] officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The National Archives of Rwanda is located in Kigali.The earliest documents held in the Rwandan archives are from the 1890s. However, in 1959, as Belgium's imperial project was dissolving, most documents from Rwandan and German colonial rule that were held in Kigali were transferred to an archive in Usumbura, Burundi, which was also a Belgian colony at the time. [1]
The borders of the kingdom were rounded out in the late 19th century by Mwami Rwabugiri, who is regarded as Rwanda’s greatest king. By 1900, Rwanda was a unified state with a centralized military structure. [13] Owing to its isolation, Rwanda's engagement with the Indian Ocean slave trade was
Name Year Colonial power Morocco: 1912 France [1]: Libya: 1911 Italy [2]: Fulani Empire: 1903 France and the United Kingdom: Swaziland: 1902 United Kingdom [3]: Ashanti Confederacy: 1900 ...