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Ice navigation occurs wherever a waterborne vessel transits through sea ice.One of the more common regions for ice navigation is the Baltic Sea, where vessels visiting the Baltic States will make their way through first year ice in the winter months, often with an icebreaker, or with ice reports, charts and data provided by meteorological offices.
The ice navigation ships are also often referred as ice-strengthened vessels. This term has no international standard and its definition may vary in different countries. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] In general, it is more commonly used for various research and expedition ships and less commonly for merchant cargo ships.
The Code sets out regulations for shipping in the polar regions, principally relating to ice navigation and ship design. The international framework aims to protect the two polar regions — the Arctic (north pole region) and Antarctic (south pole region), from maritime risks. [2] The Code entered into force on 1 January 2017. [2] [3] [4]
In official context and legislation, the ice classes are usually spelled with Roman numerals, e.g. IA. [3] Classification societies may sometimes use somewhat different distinguishing marks for Finnish-Swedish ice classes; for example, 1A Super is defined as Ice Class I AA by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) and ICE(1A*) by DNV GL. [4]
USCGC Healy at right breaks ice around the Russian-flagged tanker Renda, 250 miles (400 km) south of Nome, Alaska.. An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships.
SPINDLE (Sub-glacial Polar Ice Navigation, Descent, and Lake Exploration) is a 2-stage autonomous vehicle system consisting of a robotic ice-penetrating carrier vehicle and an autonomous submersible HAUV (hovering autonomous underwater vehicle).
Polar ice limit (Record position 85°40,7818’ N, 135°38,8735‘ E) Inuit navigation techniques are those navigation skills used for thousands of years by the Inuit, a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples who inhabit the Arctic and subarctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska (United States).
The 2012-built South African polar research vessel S. A. Agulhas II is one of the few vessels rated PC 5 or higher.. Polar Class (PC) refers to the ice class assigned to a ship by a classification society based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).