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This subset of media ethics is known as journalism's professional "code of ethics" and the "canons of journalism". [1] The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations.
The Society of Professional Journalists first created its own code of ethics in 1973, which has been revised four times, most recently in 2014. [3] The SPJ code features four principles of ethical journalism: Seek Truth and Report It "Journalists should be honest, fair, and courageous in gathering, reporting, and interpreting information ...
A theoretical issue peculiar to media ethics is the identity of observer and observed. The press is one of the primary guardians in a democratic society of many of the freedoms, rights and duties discussed by other fields of applied ethics. In media ethics the ethical obligations of the guardians themselves comes more strongly into the foreground.
The reporting of elections avoids complex issues or issues which are time-consuming to explain. Of course, important political issues are generally both complex and time-consuming to explain, so are avoided. Hudson blames this style of media coverage, at least partly, for trivialised elections:
Seal of Good Practice Seal of Good Practice as it appeared in 1958. The Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters, also known as the Television Code, was a set of ethical standards adopted by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) of the United States for television programming from 1952 to 1983.
The CMFR Ethics Manual: A Values Approach to News Media Ethics; Limited Protection: Press Freedom and Philippine Law; Citizens’ Media Monitor: A Report on the Campaign and Elections Coverage in the Philippines 2004; Journalist Killings under the Arroyo administration 2001-2006: A Study by the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility
The rise of social media has drastically changed the nature of journalistic reporting, giving rise to so-called citizen journalists. In a 2014 study of journalists in the United States, 40% of participants claimed they rely on social media as a source, with over 20% depending on microblogs to collect facts. [ 12 ]
McBride worked as a reporter in the Pacific Northwest for 15 years before joining the non-profit Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. [4]Since 2002, [5] she has published "Updates on ethical decision-making in newsrooms big and small" at poynter.org. [6] As vice president of the Academic Programs of Poynter Institute, she also serves on Poynter's board of trustees. [7]