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A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have. [1] [2] For example, when a patient anticipates a side effect of a medication, they can experience that effect even if the "medication" is actually an inert substance. [1]
The term noumenon is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to any object of the senses. Immanuel Kant first developed the notion of the noumenon as part of his transcendental idealism , suggesting that while we know the noumenal world to exist because human sensibility is merely receptive, it is ...
A phenomenon (pl.: phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. [1] The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant , who contrasted it with the noumenon , which cannot be directly observed.
The phenomenon whereby others' expectations of a target person affect the target person's performance. Reactance: The urge to do the opposite of what someone wants one to do out of a need to resist a perceived attempt to constrain one's freedom of choice (see also Reverse psychology). Reactive devaluation
In some ways the Jod-Basedow phenomenon is the opposite of two physiological compensation mechanisms, the Plummer effect and the Wolff–Chaikoff effect, which in normal persons and in persons with thyroid disease, suppress the thyroid hormone after ingestion of large quantities of iodine or iodide. However, unlike the Plummer and Wolff ...
Polar night is a phenomenon that occurs in the northernmost and southernmost regions of Earth when the Sun remains below the horizon for more than 24 hours. This only occurs inside the polar circles. [1] The opposite phenomenon, polar day or midnight sun, occurs when the Sun remains above the horizon for more than 24 hours.
A study by Chris Moulin of Leeds University asked 92 volunteers to write out "door" 30 times in 60 seconds. In July 2006, at the 4th International Conference on Memory in Sydney, he reported that 68 percent of volunteers showed symptoms of jamais vu, such as beginning to doubt that "door" was a real word.
A contronym is a word with two opposite meanings. For example, the word cleave can mean "to cut apart" or "to bind together". This feature is also called enantiosemy, [1] [2] enantionymy (enantio-means "opposite"), antilogy or autoantonymy. An enantiosemic term is by definition polysemic.