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[1] [2] [3] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments. Curcumin , a bright yellow component of turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), is a well-studied polyphenol.
Phenolic acids can be found in many plant species. Their content in dried fruits can be high.. Natural phenols in horse grams (Macrotyloma uniflorum) are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acids.
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. [5] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile . The molecule consists of a phenyl group ( −C 6 H 5 ) bonded to a hydroxy group ( −OH ).
Olive oil contains “plant compounds [that] include oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and steric acid,” says Enright. “There are also phenolic compounds that include phytosterols ...
Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C 6 H 2 3 CO 2 H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. [1] It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation.
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester of caffeic acid and (−)-quinic acid, functioning as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. [1] The term chlorogenic acids refers to a related polyphenol family of esters, including hydroxycinnamic acids ( caffeic acid , ferulic acid and p -coumaric acid ) with quinic acid .
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi.
It may cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, hives, or dizziness. [20] Between 2004 and 2022 there were ten cases of liver injury caused by curcumin herbal and dietary supplements. [21] Curcumin is a contact allergen. [22] The intended use of curcumin as a food additive is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug ...
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