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Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
The chart comparing depndence with physical harm seems questionable. For example, anabolic steriods are said to have a degree of dependance, and LSD is said to have a degree of physical harm greater than that of extacy. It also shows the level of dependance for Marijuana and Amphetamenes to be roughly equal.
Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use. [1] It also often coincides with cocaine addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of cocaine and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences.
The Physical harm, Dependence liability, and Social harm scores were each computed from the average of three distinct ratings. [1] The highest possible harm rating for each rating scale is 3.0. [1] Physical harm is the average rating of the scores for acute binge use, chronic use, and intravenous use. [1]
A scale was developed to compare the harm and dependence liability of 20 drugs. [80] The scale uses a rating of zero to three to rate physical dependence, psychological dependence, and pleasure to create a mean score for dependence. [80] Selected results can be seen in the chart below. Heroin and morphine both scored highest, at 3.0. [80]
Abuse or addiction liability is the tendency to use drugs in a non-medical situation. This is typically for euphoria, mood changing, or sedation. [160] Abuse liability is used when the person using the drugs wants something that they otherwise can not obtain. The only way to obtain this is through the use of drugs.
The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is used to assess the severity of patient's addiction and analyse the need of treatment which has been in use for more than 2 decades since its publication in 1992. It is used in a variety of settings such as clinics, mental health services in the US, the Indian Health Service and several European countries ...
In the case of benzodiazepine dependence, the continued use seems to be typically associated with the avoidance of unpleasant withdrawal reaction rather than with the pleasurable effects of the drug. [1] Benzodiazepine dependence develops with long-term use, even at low therapeutic doses, [2] often without the described drug seeking behavior ...