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The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented typing systems are added.
A code point is a value or position of a character in a coded character set. [10] A code space is the range of numerical values spanned by a coded character set. [10] [12] A code unit is the minimum bit combination that can represent a character in a character encoding (in computer science terms, it is the word size of the character encoding).
e. UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [ 1 ] Almost every web page is stored in UTF-8. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [ 2 ] valid Unicode code points using a variable-width encoding of one to four ...
The base62 encoding scheme uses 62 characters. The characters consist of the capital letters A-Z, the lower case letters a-z and the numbers 0–9. It is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data in an ASCII string format.
Base32 is an encoding method based on the base-32 numeral system.It uses an alphabet of 32 digits, each of which represents a different combination of 5 bits (2 5).Since base32 is not very widely adopted, the question of notation—which characters to use to represent the 32 digits—is not as settled as in the case of more well-known numeral systems (such as hexadecimal), though RFCs and ...
Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
There are 124 code points between the last ASCII code point (127 = 0x7F, the end of ASCII) and ü (code point 252 = 0xFC, see Unicode's Latin-1 Supplement). The ü is inserted at position 1, after the b. Thus the encoder will add the number (6 × 124) + 1 = 745, and the decoder can retrieve these by ⌊745 ÷ 6⌋ = 124 and 745 mod 6 = 1.
Huffman tree generated from the exact frequencies of the text "this is an example of a huffman tree". Encoding the sentence with this code requires 135 (or 147) bits, as opposed to 288 (or 180) bits if 36 characters of 8 (or 5) bits were used (This assumes that the code tree structure is known to the decoder and thus does not need to be counted as part of the transmitted information).