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Linear triatomic molecules owe their geometry to their sp or sp 3 d hybridised central atoms. Well-known linear triatomic molecules include carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Xenon difluoride (XeF 2) is one of the rare examples of a linear triatomic molecule possessing non-bonded pairs of electrons on the central atom.
For each non-linear group, the tables give the most standard notation of the finite group isomorphic to the point group, followed by the order of the group (number of invariant symmetry operations). The finite group notation used is: Z n : cyclic group of order n , D n : dihedral group isomorphic to the symmetry group of an n –sided regular ...
The resulting electron configuration can be described in terms of bond type, parity and occupancy for example dihydrogen 1σ g 2. Alternatively it can be written as a molecular term symbol e.g. 1 Σ g + for dihydrogen. Sometimes, the letter n is used to designate a non-bonding orbital. For a stable bond, the bond order defined as
Some common shapes of simple molecules include: Linear: In a linear model, atoms are connected in a straight line. The bond angles are set at 180°. For example, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide have a linear molecular shape. Trigonal planar: Molecules with the trigonal planar shape are somewhat triangular and in one plane (flat). Consequently ...
For simple structures, say <10 atoms, it is helpful to depict all atoms explicitly. For more complex molecules, most hydrogen atoms attached to carbon are omitted, and carbon atoms are represented by vertices. For ease of readability, sans-serif fonts are preferred. Many artists employ color to highlight parts of the molecules.
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Molecular structure of caffeine. Methyl groups are implied, but not visualized.. In chemical graph theory and in mathematical chemistry, a molecular graph or chemical graph is a representation of the structural formula of a chemical compound in terms of graph theory.
Periodic systems of molecules are charts of molecules similar to the periodic table of the elements. Construction of such charts was initiated in the early 20th century and is still ongoing. It is commonly believed that the periodic law, represented by the periodic chart, is echoed in the behavior of molecules, at least small