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The precise origins of the dimensions of US letter-size paper (8.5 × 11 in) are not known. The American Forest & Paper Association says that the standard US dimensions have their origin in the days of manual papermaking, the 11-inch length of the standard paper being about a quarter of "the average maximum stretch of an experienced vatman's arms". [2]
Comparison of some near-A4 paper sizes: Image title: Comparison of A4, C4, PA4, Legal, Letter/ANSI A, Government letter, Foolscap folio and Arch A paper, as well as 8R/6P and S8R/6PW photographic paper sizes by CMG Lee. In the SVG file, hover over an outline or its label to highlight it. Width: 100%: Height: 100%
For example, ANSI A is less elongated than A4, while ANSI B is more elongated than A3. The Canadian standard CAN2 9.60-M76 and its successor CAN/CGSB 9.60-94 "Paper Sizes for Correspondence" specified paper sizes P1 through P6, which are the U.S. paper sizes rounded to the nearest 5 mm. [ 32 ] All custom Canadian paper size standards were ...
In 1992, the American National Standards Institute adopted ANSI/ASME Y14.1 Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format, [1] which defined a regular series of paper sizes based upon the de facto standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in "letter" size to which it assigned the designation "ANSI A". This series also includes "ledger"/"tabloid" as "ANSI B".
For comparison, the letter paper size commonly used in North America (8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in; 216 mm × 279 mm) is about 6 mm (0.24 in) wider and 18 mm (0.71 in) shorter than A4. Then, the size of A5 paper is half of A4, i.e. 148 mm × 210 mm ( 5.8 in × 8.3 in ).
The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) is a United States national association of more than 6,000 construction industry professionals who are experts in building construction and the materials used therein. The institute is dedicated to improving the communication of construction information through a diversified membership base of ...
In the construction industry, the 1:5:200 rule (or 1:5:200 ratio) is a rule of thumb that states that: . If the initial construction costs of a building is 1, then its maintenance and operating costs over the years is 5, and the business operating costs (salary of people working in that building) is 200.
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...