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The Banach fixed-point theorem (1922) gives a general criterion guaranteeing that, if it is satisfied, the procedure of iterating a function yields a fixed point. [2]By contrast, the Brouwer fixed-point theorem (1911) is a non-constructive result: it says that any continuous function from the closed unit ball in n-dimensional Euclidean space to itself must have a fixed point, [3] but it doesn ...
In projective geometry, a fixed point of a projectivity has been called a double point. [8] [9] In economics, a Nash equilibrium of a game is a fixed point of the game's best response correspondence. John Nash exploited the Kakutani fixed-point theorem for his seminal paper that won him the Nobel prize in economics.
A contraction mapping has at most one fixed point. Moreover, the Banach fixed-point theorem states that every contraction mapping on a non-empty complete metric space has a unique fixed point, and that for any x in M the iterated function sequence x, f (x), f (f (x)), f (f (f (x))), ... converges to the fixed point
In mathematics, the Banach fixed-point theorem (also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contractive mapping theorem or Banach–Caccioppoli theorem) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of certain self-maps of metric spaces and provides a constructive method to find those fixed points.
The Kakutani fixed point theorem generalizes the Brouwer fixed-point theorem in a different direction: it stays in R n, but considers upper hemi-continuous set-valued functions (functions that assign to each point of the set a subset of the set). It also requires compactness and convexity of the set.
The degree of a map between general manifolds was first defined by Brouwer, [1] who showed that the degree is homotopy invariant and used it to prove the Brouwer fixed point theorem. Less general forms of the concept existed before Brouwer, such as the winding number and the Kronecker characteristic (or Kronecker integral). [2]
In mathematics, the Borel fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in algebraic geometry generalizing the Lie–Kolchin theorem. The result was proved by Armand Borel ( 1956 ). Statement
Caristi fixed-point theorem (fixed points) Carleson–Jacobs theorem (complex analysis) Carleson's theorem (harmonic analysis) Carlson's theorem (complex analysis) Carmichael's theorem (Fibonacci numbers) Carnot's theorem ; Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) Cartan–Dieudonné theorem (group theory) Cartan–Hadamard theorem (Riemannian geometry)
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