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Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rocks. Deposits are known to occur in strata from as far back as the Archaean eon. [16] Gypsum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in hot springs, from volcanic vapors, and sulfate solutions in veins.
The main sources of calcium sulfate are naturally occurring gypsum and anhydrite, which occur at many locations worldwide as evaporites. These may be extracted by open-cast quarrying or by deep mining. World production of natural gypsum is around 127 million tonnes per annum. [17]
A gypsum block is made of gypsum plaster and water. The manufacturing process [1] is automated at production plants where raw gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is ground and dried, then heated to remove three-quarters of the bound water and thus transformed into calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 ·½H 2 O), also known as gypsum plaster, stucco, calcined gypsum or plaster of Paris.
PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (known as SIG) is a state-owned holding company providing building material solutions. The company has 17 subsidiaries located in Indonesia and Vietnam . With a market reach to Asia , Australia and Oceania , the company's main business is in the cement sector and its derivative products such as concrete , mortar ...
Vietnam, [e] [f] officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, [g] [h] is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about 331,000 square kilometres (128,000 sq mi) and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
The Truong Son and Luang Prabang structures converge in northern Laos, bordered by northwest trending fault-bounded structures such as Phu Hoat Massif. The Song Ma Anticlinorium near Vietnam exposes Proterozoic basement rock at the surface. The Yunnan-Malay fold belt originated from closure of two sedimentary basins and is a prominent feature.
Gypsum concrete is a building material used as a floor underlayment used in wood-frame and concrete construction for fire ratings, sound reduction, radiant heating, and floor leveling. [1] It is a mixture of gypsum plaster, Portland cement , and sand .
Gypsum materials consist of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O). Sulfate-reducing bacteria convert sulfates to toxic hydrogen sulphide gas; they are killed by exposure to air, but the moist, airless, carbon-containing environment in a landfill is a good habitat for them.