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Patients present with an acute onset of swelling, pain, erythema, prominent tenderness, warmness and limited range of motion in both ankles. [1] [2] Lower legs and heels may also be involved, however the distal parts of feet and toes are usually spared. Patients may also experience high-graded fever, pitting edema and hypotension.
The approach to diagnosis depends on the joint involved. While aspiration of the joint is considered the gold standard of treatment, this can be difficult for joints such as the hip. Ultrasound may be used both to verify the existence of an effusion and to guide aspiration.
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Diagnosis is generally based on signs and symptoms, with testing used to rule out other potential causes. [2] An accurate diagnosis and staging may help with management. [2] A swollen limb can result from different conditions that require different treatments. Diagnosis of lymphedema is currently based on history, physical exam, and limb ...
Patellar overload syndrome, runner's knee, [1] retropatellar pain syndrome [1] Diagram of the bones of the lower extremity. Rough distribution of areas affected by PFPS highlighted in red: patella and distal femur. Specialty: Orthopedics, sports medicine: Symptoms: Pain in the front of the knee [1] Usual onset: Gradual [2] Causes: Unclear [1 ...
Physical examination of the knee begins by observing the person's gait to assess for any abnormalities seen while walking. Gait assessment can be used to differentiate genuine knee pain or pain which referred from hip, lower back or the foot. A person can be asked to perform a duckwalk. This requires the person to squat and walk in that position.
Some causes of swelling can be harder to prevent than others, like when it comes to an injury or an infection, but Dr. Matarazzo says there are a couple of things you can do to keep your knee in ...
Knee of a male with Osgood–Schlatter disease. Osgood–Schlatter disease causes pain in the front lower part of the knee. [9] This is usually at the ligament-bone junction of the patellar ligament and the tibial tuberosity. [10] The tibial tuberosity is a slight elevation of bone on the anterior and proximal portion of the tibia.