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Active transport. In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration —against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement. There are two types of active transport: primary ...
The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized as either channels or carriers (a.k.a. transporters, or permeases). Examples of channel/carrier proteins include the GLUT 1 uniporter ...
The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion (i.e., passive transport) or active transport. These mechanisms of movement are known as carrier-mediated transport. [2] Each carrier protein is designed to recognize only one substance or one group of very similar substances.
Solute carrier family. The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. [1][2] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and is the basis for the official ...
Exocytosis (/ ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs / [1][2]) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis). As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis ...
Membrane transport. In cellular biology, membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them. The regulation of passage through the membrane is due to selective membrane ...
All ABC transport proteins share a structural organization consisting of four core domains. [22] These domains consist of two trans-membrane (T) domains and two cytosolic (A) domains. The two T domains alternate between an inward and outward facing orientation, and the alternation is powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate or ATP ...
In contrast, paracellular transport is the transfer of substances across an epithelium by passing through an intercellular space between the cells. 1. It differs from transcellular transport, where the substances travel through the cell passing through both the apical membrane and basolateral membrane. 2. Renal physiology.