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Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. [5] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause ...
The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pK a is usually between 10 and 12). Deprotonation of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion , and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides ( aryloxides according ...
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak.
Phenolic acids can be found in many plant species. Their content in dried fruits can be high.. Natural phenols in horse grams (Macrotyloma uniflorum) are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acids.
Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, +, and an anion, . The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions.
At pH = 10, phenol and phenolate are in approximately 1:1 proportions. The phenoxide anion (aka phenolate ) is a strong nucleophile with a comparable to the one of carbanions or tertiary amines. [ 3 ]
It is often said the resonance stability of phenol makes it a stronger acid than that of aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol (pK a = 10 vs. 16–18). However, a significant contribution is the greater electronegativity of the sp 2 alpha carbon in phenol compared to the sp 3 alpha carbon in aliphatic alcohols. [7]
Phenol – the simplest of the phenols Chemical structure of salicylic acid, the active metabolite of aspirin Chemical structure of aloe emodin, a diphenol Quercetin, a typical flavonoid, is a polyphenol Tannic acid, a typical polyphenol of indeterminate structure Lignin, is around 25% of the composition of wood This structure is repeated many ...