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Renin cleaves a decapeptide from angiotensinogen, a globular protein. The decapeptide is known as angiotensin I . Angiotensin I is then converted to an octapeptide , angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), [ 9 ] which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the body, within the lungs and ...
Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial ...
The juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole constrict, and juxtaglomerular cells in both the afferent and efferent arteriole decrease their renin secretion. These actions function to lower GFR. Further increase in sodium concentration leads to the release of nitric oxide, a vasodilating substance, to prevent excessive vasoconstriction. [13]
The renin receptor binds renin and prorenin.Binding of renin to this receptor induces the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. [8]This protein is associated with proton-translocating ATPases which have fundamental roles in energy conservation, secondary active transport, acidification of intracellular compartments, and cellular pH homeostasis.
The highly selective aspartic protease renin is secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is the only source of active renin, [18] although its precursor, prorenin, can be secreted by other tissues, such as the salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels.
The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous system ...
Nourish yourself with some of the brain foods mentioned in this chapter. Set a plan for the day. If you do at least these four things, you’ll be well on your way to revving up your brain to ...
The two factors work together to return the plasma osmolality to its normal levels. ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the normally impermeable membrane and be reabsorbed into the body by the vasa recta, thus increasing the plasma volume of the body.