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Overview. PCI devices have a set of registers referred to as configuration space and PCI Express introduces extended configuration space for devices. Configuration space registers are mapped to memory locations. Device drivers and diagnostic software must have access to the configuration space, and operating systems typically use APIs to allow ...
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) [ 3 ] is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor 's native bus. Devices connected to the PCI bus appear ...
An option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS. In its usual use, it is essentially a driver ...
PCI 166 1000 2.656 64 14 GeForce PCX4300 February 19, 2004 PCIe x16 128 16 GeForce4 MX440 February 6, 2002 NV17 29 65 AGP 4x PCI 275 200 550 550 1,100 137.5 64 128 6.4 128 1.100 18 GeForce4 MX440 8x September 25, 2002 NV18 29 [14] 65 AGP 8x PCI 166 250 2.656 [15] 8.0 64 128 19 GeForce4 MX460 February 6, 2002 NV17 29 65 AGP 4x PCI 300 275 600 ...
Memory-mapped I/O is preferred in IA-32 and x86-64 based architectures because the instructions that perform port-based I/O are limited to one register: EAX, AX, and AL are the only registers that data can be moved into or out of, and either a byte-sized immediate value in the instruction or a value in register DX determines which port is the source or destination port of the transfer.
ISA PnP or (legacy) Plug & Play ISA was a plug-and-play system that used a combination of modifications to hardware, the system BIOS, and operating system software to automatically manage resource allocations. It was superseded by the PCI bus during the mid-1990s. The PCI plug and play (autoconfiguration) is based on the PCI BIOS Specification ...
In computing, a devicetree (also written device tree) is a data structure describing the hardware components of a particular computer so that the operating system 's kernel can use and manage those components, including the CPU or CPUs, the memory, the buses and the integrated peripherals. The device tree was derived from SPARC -based computers ...
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. Plug and Play and hot swapping), and status monitoring. It was first released in ...