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The use of alcohol during pregnancy occurs at different rates across the world, potentially due to various cultural differences and legislation. The five countries with the highest prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy are Ireland (60%), Belarus (47%), Denmark (46%), the UK (41%), and the Russian Federation (37%).
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is an inherited disease that prevents the liver from properly breaking down stored glycogen, which is necessary to maintain adequate blood sugar levels. GSD I is divided into two main types, GSD Ia and GSD Ib, which differ in cause, presentation, and treatment. There are also possibly rarer subtypes, the ...
A glycogen storage disease(GSD, also glycogenosisand dextrinosis) is a metabolic disordercaused by a deficiency of an enzymeor transport proteinaffecting glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown, or glucose breakdown, typically in musclesand/or livercells. [1] GSD has two classes of cause: genetic and environmental.
Contents. Purine nucleotide cycle. The Purine Nucleotide Cycle is a metabolic pathway in protein metabolism requiring the amino acids aspartate and glutamate. The cycle is used to regulate the levels of adenine nucleotides, in which ammonia and fumarate are generated. [ 2 ] AMP converts into IMP and the byproduct ammonia.
Clinical manifestations of glycogen storage disease type III are divided into four classes: [3] GSD IIIa, is the most common, (along with GSD IIIb) and which clinically includes muscle and liver involvement; GSD IIIb, which clinically has liver involvement but no muscle involvement; GSD IIIc which clinically affects liver and muscle.
In pregnant women, alcohol is carried to all of the mother's organs and tissues, including the placenta, where it easily crosses through the membrane separating the maternal and fetal blood systems. When a pregnant woman drinks an alcoholic beverage, the concentration of alcohol in her unborn baby's bloodstream is the same level as her own.
Glycogen storage disease type V (GSD5, GSD-V), [1] also known as McArdle's disease, [2] is a metabolic disorder, one of the metabolic myopathies, more specifically a muscle glycogen storage disease, caused by a deficiency of myophosphorylase. [3] [4] Its incidence is reported as one in 100,000, roughly the same as glycogen storage disease type ...
Glycogen storage disease type II has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Pompe disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means the defective gene is located on an autosome , and two faulty copies of the gene—one from each parent—are required to be born with the disorder.