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t. e. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [ 1 ] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [ 2 ] Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly ...
1629708. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 [1] by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory. [2][3][4] In the introduction of its 60th anniversary ...
Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two competing entities, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [ 1 ] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net improvement in benefit ...
As a consequence, he reasoned that because parents tend to invest less in boys – because more boys die before the end of the period of parental care – there is a higher rate of male births to equalise parental investment in each sex. Fisher's principle is also a precursor to evolutionary game theory.
Keynesian beauty contest. A Keynesian beauty contest describes a beauty contest where judges are rewarded for selecting the most popular faces among all judges, rather than those they may personally find the most attractive. This idea is often applied in financial markets, whereby investors could profit more by buying whichever stocks they ...
The Shapley value is a solution concept in cooperative game theory. It was named in honor of Lloyd Shapley, who introduced it in 1951 and won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for it in 2012. [1] [2] To each cooperative game it assigns a unique distribution (among the players) of a total surplus generated by the coalition of all ...
Behavioral game theory, invented by Colin Camerer, analyzes interactive strategic decisions and behavior using the methods of game theory, [85] experimental economics, and experimental psychology. Experiments include testing deviations from typical simplifications of economic theory such as the independence axiom [ 86 ] and neglect of altruism ...
Evolutionary game theory analyses Darwinian mechanisms with a system model with three main components – population, game, and replicator dynamics. The system process has four phases: 1) The model (as evolution itself) deals with a population (Pn). The population will exhibit variation among competing individuals.