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This page covers the conifers (class Pinopsida). For the background to this list see parent article List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland. All are part of the order Pinales. Status key: * indicates an introduced species and e indicates an extinct species.
Conifers account for around one half (51%) of the UK woodland area, although this proportion varies from around one quarter (26%) in England to around three quarters (74%) in Scotland. [8] Britain's native tree flora comprises 32 species, of which 29 are broadleaves. The UK's industry and populace uses at least 50 million tonnes of timber a year.
Rockingham Forest was a royal hunting forest. The Commission originally expanded the forest using fast growing conifers, but has begun a project to convert much of this to mixed woodland. [53] [54] Salcey Forest: Northamptonshire: 495 Salcey Forest has a 20 metre high "Tree Top Walkway".
Most conifers are monoecious, but some are subdioecious or dioecious; all are wind-pollinated. Conifer seeds develop inside a protective cone called a strobilus. The cones take from four months to three years to reach maturity, and vary in size from 2 to 600 millimetres (1 ⁄ 8 to 23 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long.
List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (conifers) covers the conifers ; The remaining parts cover the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida): List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (dicotyledons) List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (Rosaceae), covering the dicotyledon family Rosaceae
The early reliance on conifers, usually of the same age class and very dark in appearance, led to criticism that the forests appeared too artificial. [68] The Commission was originally given land with poor soil quality, usually in highland areas; conifers were used because they can grow well in such difficult conditions. [69]
Non-native conifers are the tallest trees now found in Scotland. At 64.3 metres (211 ft), a Grand Fir planted beside Loch Fyne , Argyll in the 1870s was named as the UK's tallest tree in 2011, [ 35 ] however it has since been surpassed by a Douglas fir in Reelig Glen near Inverness , which is 66.4 metres (218 ft) high. [ 36 ]
Forestry Commission (UK government department responsible for protection and expansion of Britain's forests and woodlands.) Elwes, Henry John, and Henry, Augustine, 1906 The trees of Great Britain & Ireland BHL Monograph.Includes rare introduced trees.Seven volumes and seven volumes of excellent black and white plates.